Pope Francis on Sunday promoted 17 Roman Catholic prelates from around the world to the high rank of cardinal, including 13 who are younger than 80 years old and thus eligible to succeed him one day.
Cardinals, who wear red hats and are known as "princes of the Church," are the most senior members of the Roman Catholic hierarchy after the pope and serve as his principal advisers around the world and in the Vatican.
Naming new cardinals is one of the most significant powers of the papacy, allowing a pontiff to put his stamp on the future of the 1.2-billion-member global Church.
Cardinals under 80, known as cardinal-electors, can enter a secret conclave to choose a new pope from their own ranks after Francis dies or resigns. Francis, the former cardinal-archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected in a conclave on March 13, 2013.
The new cardinal-electors come from Italy, the Central African Republic, Spain, the United States, Brazil, Bangladesh, Venezuela, Belgium, Mauritius, Mexico and Papua New Guinea.
Significantly, Francis said the current Vatican ambassador in Syria, Italian Archbishop Mario Zenari, would be elevated but remain in his post to show the Church's concern for "beloved and martyred Syria"—an allusion to the devastating civil war there.
It was believed to be the first time in recent history a Vatican ambassador, known as a nuncio, would have the rank of cardinal.
The pope has made numerous appeals for an end to Syria's war and last month he urged forces to stop bombing civilians in Aleppo, warning them they would face God's judgment one day.
The four new cardinals over 80, who get the position as a symbolic honor to thank them for long service to the Church, include Father Ernest Simoni, 88, an Albanian priest who spent many years in jail and forced labor during the communist dictatorship of Enver Hoxha, who died in 1985.
Francis, making the surprise announcement during his weekly Sunday address, said the ceremony to elevate the prelates, known as a consistory, would be held on Nov. 19.
With the current batch, Francis has named 44 cardinal-electors, slightly more than two thirds of the total of 120 allowed by Church law. It will be his third consistory since his election in 2013 as the first non-European pontiff in 1,300 years and he has used each occasion to show support for the Church in far flung places or where Catholics are suffering.
The Central African Republic, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and Lesotho will have a cardinal for the first time, underscoring Francis' conviction that the Church is a global institution that should become increasingly less Euro-centric.
Last year the pope visited Bangui, capital of the Central African Republic. Amid some of the tightest security ever seen on his trips, he preached reconciliation in the nation racked by bloodshed between Muslims and Christians.
Only one of the 13 cardinal-electors will take on a Vatican job. The others would remain in their posts around the world.
Three are from the United States: Archbishop Blase Cupich of Chicago, Archbishop William Tobin of Indianapolis and Bishop Kevin Farrell of Dallas, who was recently appointed to head a new Vatican department on family and life issues.
In addition to Simoni, the Albanian priest, the other three cardinals over 80 come from Malaysia, Italy and Lesotho.
Here is the full list of new cardinals:
- Archbishop Mario Zenari (Italy), Vatican ambassador in Syria
- Archbishop Dieudonne Nzapalainga of Bangui, Central African Republic
- Archbishop Carlos Osoro Sierra of Madrid, Spain
- Archbishop Sergio da Rocha of Brasilia, Brazil
- Archbishop Blase J. Cupich of Chicago
- Archbishop Patrick D'Rozario of Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Archbishop Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo of Merida, Venezuela
- Archbishop Jozef De Kesel of Malines-Brussels, Belgium
- Archbishop Maurice Piat of Port Louis, Mauritius
- Bishop Kevin Joseph Farrell of the United States, head of a newly created Vatican department
- Archbishop Carlos Aguiar Retes of Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- Archbishop John Ribat of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
- Archbishop Joseph William Tobin of Indianapolis, USA
- Archbishop Emeritus Anthony Soter Fernandez of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Archbishop Emeritus Renato Corti of Novara, Italy
- Archbishop Emeritus Sebastian Koto Khoarai of Mohale's Hoek, Lesotho
- Father Ernest Simoni of Shkoder, Albania
Uncommon Knowledge
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Newsweek is committed to challenging conventional wisdom and finding connections in the search for common ground.
