Scientists from the University of Haifa, Israel, reported in the journal NPJ Parkinson's Disease a discovery that could lead to treatments, which can potentially stop the spread of Parkinson's disease.
Patients with Parkinson's suffer from massive loss of nerve cells in a brain region that's normally packed with dopaminergic neurons. Dopamine allows brain cells to transfer messages and orchestrate motor actions.
One of the problems in developing drugs for the disease is that only 15 percent of Parkinson's cases are caused by known genetic factors. The other 85 percent are defined as "sporadic" and it is not possible to create a model for sporadic Parkinson's in animals.
The international research team, led by Prof. Shani Stern of the university's Sagol Department of Neurobiology, used an innovative cell reprogramming technique to identify malfunctioning neural processes common to both types of the progressive brain disease.
"We managed to show for the first time the presence of impaired neural and cellular mechanisms in a similar manner across all the types of disease we examined," explained Stern. She said that these changes exist in Parkinson's patients long before they are aware of a problem.
"If we perform this sequencing in a young person and find a similar picture to that found among people who have developed Parkinson's disease, we can assume that this individual will develop the disease at a later stage," she said.
"Currently, most of the treatments are intended to prevent the exacerbation of the disease rather than to prevent it. If we can identify the potential to develop Parkinson's disease at an early stage and develop treatments that can halt the advancement of the disease, we will be able to start preventative treatment at a stage when nerve cell mortality is limited. This will allow us to significantly slow down the progression of the disease," she concluded.
Stern's team included Prof. Fred Gage from the Salk Institute; Prof. Alexis Brice from ICM, Paris; Prof. Juergen Winkler from FAU, Germany; and Prof. Irit Sagi from the Weizmann Institute of Science.
"Parkinson's disease patients have a severe neuronal cell death that is more specific to areas in the brain that are compacted with dopaminergic neurons," she said.
Stern is creating 3D structures that approximate one of these brain areas, as an approach, to evaluate potential treatments such as dopamine receptor modulators. She wants to create an algorithm that can anticipate disease onset and severity before symptoms appear.
Produced in association with ISRAEL21c.
This story was provided to Newsweek by Zenger News.
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